Up until the early 19th century, when the inner parts of the cave were discovered by Luka Čeč on 14 April 1818, the cave was left open, without any protection, lighting or regular guiding services, and tours of the cave were possible on foot only. The discovery of »the new world, the paradise« gave rise to large numbers of visitors and also resulted in the construction of a bridge across Pivka River, new footpaths inside the cave and illumination.

In the first half of the 19th century, when the Austrian Southern Railway between Vienna and Trieste was being constructed, the idea of a section of the railway line to run through Postojna Cave was considered. The idea was rejected, it did however generate another one. Because of a growing number of visitors, the need for some sort of transport around the cave arose. On 11 March 1857, the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I and the Empress Elisabeth came for a visit and to avoid them having to do a lot of strenuous walking around the cave, three sedan chairs had been constructed for the empress and her ladies-in-waiting.

The empress saw a larger part of the cave on foot, but the sedan chairs were later available for hire for all other visitors. In 1872, the railway tracks were laid, along which waggons were pushed by cave guides. The entrance station was at the dripstone called Prižnica, as it was because of the terrain characteristics not possible to lay the railway track over the Great Dome. The tracks in the total length of 1534 metres were laid as far as the foot of Cavalry. The route through the cave did not have many ascents or descents, so a single cave guide was able to push waggons along the tracks on his own.

The Emperor Franz Joseph I, who visited the Postojna Cave again in 1883, used the first underground railway himself too. However, with the increasing number of visitors the small manually-operated railway no longer sufficed. The cave management started considering motor-driven carriages and the locomotive called »Montania« usually used in mines, with a petrol engine, and four-seat carriages were thus ordered in 1914 from the Orenstein & Koppel factory. Because of the outbreak of the First World War the delivery of the locomotive was considerably delayed, so the first ride around the cave with the »Montania« locomotive was not possible until 1924, after the renovation work and the final cave railway set-up was completed. The locomotive did four rides daily and in the course of the first year – between August 1924 and June 1925 – 15,588 visitors were taken around the cave with it. A new, more powerful locomotive »Montania«, which also had a petrol internal-combustion engine, but was a three-axis one, unlike the first two-axis one, was acquired in 1925. New carriages with six seats were also purchased.

During the cave ride, the train made a ten-minute stopover at the old post office, where cave visitors had the opportunity to send postcards featuring the cave postmark. In 1928, the platform at the entrance into the cave and the administrative building with the railway station were also completed. The cave visit system that had been in force ever since the engine-powered railway was introduced (i.e. cave tours possible either by train or on foot) was maintained up until the year 1963, when walking tours were done away with completely. After the Second World War, there was a rapid increase in the number of cave visitors, but the petrol engines used until then were old and worn-out, and were also the cause of heavy pollution, so two new battery-powered »Emam« locomotives were acquired in 1957.

As the number of visitors was on a constant increase, two other locomotives were added at a later time, in 1959 and in 1964. Visitor capacity at the time was 2,160 visitors a day. The biggest issue was locomotives turning on the single-track railway line, so only three locomotives could be inside the cave simultaneously. In 1959, the cave management thus commissioned the project of setting up a double-track circular railway line. The double-track line with a loop at the cave entrance and the terminus station at the end of the line, which represents the first stage of the railway modernisation, was opened on 20 June 1964.

The circular line, which was completed in 1967, is 3,700 metres in length. With its three platforms and tunnels in the total length of approximately 500 metres it is capable of taking over 14,000 visitors around the cave in a day, and can depart every half an hour. Up until the year 1978 there were twelve battery-powered locomotives in the cave, and by 1988, another six were acquired to replace the eight clapped-out ones.

By 2018, when the 200th anniversary of the discovery of the cave will be celebrated, the aim of the company Postojnska jama is to renovate the cave transportation system. Solutions will be sought among technologies that would reduce noise inside the cave, and preferably an automated transportation system will be chosen.

Postojna Cave First Trolley from 1872

Postojna Cave Train outside before WW2

Article and pictures were delivered by Postojna Cave.

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Kurenti in Ptuj, Slovenia by Andrejj

Origins

The precise origins of the Kurenti are rather obscure but they are clearly related to similar figures in Austria called the Krampusse and Croatian Zvoncari all being bell ringing groups who celebrate the coming of spring and ward off evil spirits. The Kurenti represent Kuren,t a mythical god of pleasure and hedonism mentioned in Slovenian folklore. They are believed to possess the power to chase away the winter. Their distinctive costumes feature leather masks with holes cut out for the eyes and mouth that are surrounded by red paint. They have a large nose like a trunk and whiskers made of twigs and most noticeably a long red tongue which drops down to the chest. The Kurenti wear black shoes and red socks and carry a ježevka which is a wooden club with hedgehog skin at the end. The body of the outfit is sheepskin and the whole costume can weigh over 40kgs!

Traditions

The Kurenti costume was historically worn by only by single men but this tradition has been somewhat relaxed although the weight of the costumes certainly favour the young and fit! The Kurenti journey from village to village and from house to house bringing joy wherever they go scaring off the evil spirits with their cow bells and clubs. During the parades a pre-elected leader wears the outfit of the devil and is wrapped in a net to symbolise the capture of the evil spirit and girls present theKurenti with hankerchiefs which they fasten to their belts. Kurents have the right to grab any girl on the street and dance with them unless they have presented them with a handkerchief. Housewives smash clay pots at their feet as tradition says this act brings health and good luck.

Kurenti in Ptuj, Slovenia by Ioscius

The Festival

Ptuj is a pretty medieval town close to Maribor and is the oldest town in Slovenia. Its history dates back to Roman times but is now best known for the Kurentovanje Festival which is the biggest and best known ethnic event in the country. The festival sees the streets filled with music, theatre, gatherings and parties where visitors can sample local foods and wines. There events every day during the festival including live performances, masked gatherings and several parades including the main International Carnival Parade which features around 2000 participants including 600 Kurenti. The festival attracts more than 100,000 visitors every year with as many as 70,000 watching the main parade.

Visiting

If you are thinking of visiting Slovenia in February, perhaps to go skiing, then consider making a trip to Ptuj to experience the unique carnival atmosphere and meet the sheepskin clad Kurenti for yourself!

Sally S loves to write about travel and finds the traditions and customs of other countries fascinating.

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The purpose and the significance of the nativity scene, and in particular the depiction of the life of Christ, most often his birth, have throughout time undergone a highly diverse development and depictions.

It needs to be mentioned that depictions of the birth of Jesus Christ, in particular in fine art, date back to the time of ancient Christianity – in catacombs there are some preserved images depicting the Three Wise Men and the birth. Depictions have later been present in all art movements, but these were not yet proper nativity scenes.

The Christmas crib, what is today referred to as the nativity scene, did not emerge until the 16th century, when the Jesuits in their college in Coimbra, Portugal, set up the first church nativity scene.

Today, there is an endless number of different versions of the nativity scene – all in accordance with the creators’ ideas and artistic sense. The most significant distinction of the nativity scene is that the scene is not limited to the birth of Christ only, but is focused on the happening prior and after the birth as well.
What makes the living nativity scene inside Postojna Cave so special is that it has been set up according to what is written in the Bible – as described in the gospels of Matthew and Luke; it starts with the announcement of the birth of John the Baptist and there are number of other scenes too: The Revelation of Joseph, Mary Visits Elizabeth, Population Control, Revelation to the Shepherds, etc.

All of these scenes are set up among the magnificent one-of-a-kind natural creations of the Karst underground world and are made even more enticing through music and lights. In addition to the choirs that will make the Biblical story an experience to remember for years to come, there will also be two young singers performing songs by the nativity scene.

The Living Nativity Scene in Postojna Cave will be open to visitors on:
25, 26, 29 and 30 December 2012; 5 January 2013;
on all of the days at 14.00, 15:00 and 16:00

Music aficionados can look forward to another special event, which will take place by the nativity scene on Saturday, 5 January 2013: a performance by Perpetuum Jazzile, an internationally renowned vocal group, which will make it all an even more unforgettable experience.

More info: www.postojnska-jama.eu / Pictures delivered by management of Postojna Cave.

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Brilliant stalagmite – the symbol of Postojna Cave, Slovenia

A century and a half of the cave railway and electric lighting

This is the only cave in the world large enough for visitors to be taken around by an underground train. The railway was laid in the cave 140 years ago and nowadays the double-track circular line, along which the electric train takes visitors to the most beautiful parts of the cave, transports up to several thousand visitors daily. The train ride is followed by a pleasant walk along a footpath, which reveals the most beautiful corners of the underground world and presents them in all of their beauty illuminated by electric lighting, which has been available since 1883 (i.e. three years longer than electric illumination in London).

Train in Postojna Cave, Slovenia

The underground world easy accessible to all visitors

The entire tourist trail around the cave is just over five kilometres in length, of which approximately one kilometre is a footpath, but without any steps or strenuous uphill walking, which means that the cave can be visited by almost any visitor. During the underground walk visitors can listen to cave guides providing information in Slovene, English, German or Italian languages or opt for an audio guide available in 15 different world languages.

Postojna Cave, Slovenia

More than 150 prominent visitors

The most significant milestone for the development of modern-age tourism was without doubt the year 1818, when a large inner area of Postojna Cave was discovered by Luka Čeč, a local of Postojna. Already a year later, on 17 August 1819, the footpaths around the cave were in good enough condition for the locals to take around the cave the first esteemed visitor – the then Austrian heir to the throne Ferdinand I, and foundations for cave tourism were thus laid. Ever since, Postojna Cave has been visited by more than 150 country presidents and prime ministers, kings, emperors, scientists and artists, who have written down their impressions in the Golden Book of visitors to the Postojna Cave; the first to sign their names in the book were in 1856 the Austro-Hungarian Emperor Franz Joseph I and the Empress Elizabeth. In decades to follow, many other eminent guests joined in their enthusiasm for the underground beauty of the cave, such as: King of Italy Vittorio Emanuele III, King Milan Obrenovi of Serbia with his son Alexander, King Paul I of Greece and his wife, as well as the former President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito, who brought along his guests on a number of occasions, including the then Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union Nikita S. Khrushchev, Shah of Persia Reza Pahlavi and the first Prime Minister of independent India Jawaharlal Nehru. In the last twenty years, Postojna Cave was also visited by all Presidents of Slovenia: Milan Kuan, Dr Janez Drnovšek and Dr Danilo Türk, who loved showing the cave to their guests from all around the world, including the President of Latvia Vaira Vike-Freiberga, the President of Czechoslovakia Vaclav Havel, the President of the Republic of Macedonia Branko Crvenkovski, the President of Finland Tarja Halonen, the Queen of Denmark Margaret II, Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and many others.

Trails in Postojna Cave, Slovenia

For stamp and coin collectors

Before getting back on the train at the end of their Postojna Cave tour to be taken to the exit, visitors can have a look at another cave attraction located inside the Concert Hall (which has a surface area of 3,000 m2, a volume of 50,000 m3 and can accommodate up to 10,000 guests at the same time): an exhibition of the history of the oldest underground post office. Postcards were sent from here as early as 1899 and even today postcards sent off from here receive a special postmark. The Concert Hall has in the past been the venue of a large number of events: musicians of the world-famous La Scala from Milan have performed here, as has the RTV Slovenia Symphony Orchestra; it has also hosted theatre performances and eye-catching acrobatic performances.

Postojna Cave had been welcoming visitors long before the railway was laid in the cave, which is attested by visitors’ signatures in the Passage of Old Signatures in the east part of the cave. The year 2013 marks 800 years since the oldest known signatures were made, an occasion that will be commemorated together with the Bank of Slovenia, which is going to issue a special two-Euro commemorative coin.

White Hall, Postojna Cave, Slovenia

Proteus Vivarium, the Proteus Cave – learn about life in the underground world

Although scientist for a long time believed that life without the sun or the seasons was not possible, numerous animal species that inhabit the underground world of Postojna have proven the contrary. By far the best known inhabitant of the Postojna underground world is undoubtedly the proteus (proteus anguinus), often called the human fish, it is however not the only one at all. More than 100 cave-dwelling animals have been discovered in the underground world of Postojna, and the Postojna cave system is thus considered to be the cradle of speleobiology, the study of organisms that live in the subterranean world. In terms of biodiversity, the underground world of Postojna ranks very high on the worldwide scale, which is proof of the environment being well preserved. Visitors learn about the diversity of the underground life, and about its characteristics and special features, in the part of Postojna Cave called Proteus Vivarium, the Proteus Cave, another world-famous attraction where visitors can also see the animals.

White Hall, Postojna Cave, Slovenia

The cave is open throughout the year

Tourist tours of Postojna Cave last approximately an hour and a half and the cave is open throughout the year. For visitors looking to experience the underground world of Postojna in a somewhat different, more adventurous way, there are a number of special adventure tours. As part of these tours the cave is visited in small groups and participants use caving equipment, which gives them the feeling that they are the first ones to enter this underground kingdom.

Spaghetti Hall, Postojna Cave, Slovenia

The temperature inside Postojna Cave remains the same throughout the year: around 10°C. Comfortable footwear and warm clothing is recommended, but no other special equipment is needed. Warm raincoats are available for hire at the entrance to the cave.

This unique article along with the pictures have been delivered by Postojna Cave Management. You can find more information on Postojna Cave official website https://www.postojnska-jama.eu

A family enjoying a visit to Postojna Cave, Slovenia

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Canals of Ljubljana, Slovenia / xiquinhosilva

Slovenia

Travellers may start their Eastern Europe adventure by visiting this small country situated east of Italy. Caravan enthusiasts often venture to Ljubljana, which has an excellent caravan resort that many campers use as base camp. The fully equipped facility not only has all of the basic amenities, but additionally offers car hire services, a fitness centre, complete with sauna, and wireless internet. The river flows through the medieval town centre filled with Baroque styled architecture and fountains. Take a charter boat ride, canoe or kayak down the picturesque river while enjoying the scenery. During the first century, the Romans inhabited the area and visitors have the opportunity of stepping back in time at the City Museum and exploring life in the ancient city of Emona.

Take a day trip down the highway for 46.5 km (29 miles) and visit the scenic community of Bled, located near the spectacular Julian Alps. The community also has camp sites for those desiring a longer stay. Take a horse and carriage ride around the deep blue glacial lake or up to Bled castle. Visitors enjoy free swimming on the island side of the lake. Gaze in awe at the green forest covered hills and mountains of the area. At Vintgar Gorge, guests journey a wooden bridge path that leads to beautiful pools, rapids and waterfalls.
Visitors enjoy another interesting day trip by travelling 55km (35 miles) from Ljubljana to Predjama. Of all the castles in the country, Predjama may be the most interesting. In the late 1200s, the Luegar family resided here in the Postojna Cave system and built a magnificent fortress extending out from the cave and into the side of the mountain. Learn the legend of the knight known as Erazem who lived a Robin Hood like lifestyle until succumbing to his enemies. The castle offers tours of the fortress and cave system while providing commanding views over the countryside.

Budapest, Hungary / Marco Aurelio Martins Costa

Hungary

From Slovenia, travellers may follow the highway north to Hungary. The vast Lake Balaton offers the perfect location for a base camp. A four star camp resort offers numerous amenities in addition to the 50km lake that provides the perfect location for swimming or other water sports. Located in the city of Sunshine, the campsite is only 7km (4 miles) from Budapest and within two hour’s drive from other amazing sites.

The capital city of Budapest contains numerous beautiful buildings that include the St. Stephen’s Basilica, the largest church in the city. Enjoy the amazing architecture and artefacts then climb the lookout tower for an amazing view of the city. Hero’s square contains many different places to visit including the Scechenyi baths, the Budapest Zoo and City Park.

Drive just 69km (43 miles) from Budapest and see Holloko Village, which is one of the country’s World Heritage Sites. This small medieval village, developed during the 1400s, features many of the original buildings. The location also has a number of cultural museums, dedicated to dolls, the post office and the history of Holloko. Residents also display century’s old crafts that include weaving.

Just 91km (57 miles) from Budapest, visitors find the town of Villany, one of Hungary’s important winemaking regions. The community lies nestled in a valley surrounded by the Baranya Hills on one side and the Villany Mountains on another. Here guests have the opportunity of touring the facilities and vineyards of winemaking locations.

Eastern Europe is sometimes a forgotten destination, but is well worth the trip, to explore and enjoy.

This mini-travel guide is brought to you by Caravan Club – who offer travel advice and caravanning news for caravan enthusiasts. If you are planning a trip, check out their caravan sites on www.caravanclub.co.uk.

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Kobala

It is a popular paragliding and hang gliding take off. Kobala is well known for its competition site and also for a great starting point for the long flights over the country around southern crest of the Julian Alps. The best conditions for long flights are with generally weak winds blowing from the north or east. However, the west wind, suitable especially for local flying, is more common.

Take off is a nicely maintained meadow on the pointed top of the forested Kobala hill at an altitude of 1080 metres above sea level. Two take off directions are possible depending on the direction of the wind. Suitable wind directions are: east, south-east, west and south-west.
GPS coordinates: N 46 10.86, E 13 46.76

Lijak

Lijak is one of the most popular flying sites in Slovenia. From Autumn to Spring it provides enough thermal activity for good flying. Unlike other take offs it is exposed to less sunlight related to the most favourable flying conditions with a weak general south-west wind.

This take off is a well maintained clearing in a forest located on the sharp edge of the Trnovo plateau at an altitude of 585 metres above sea level. The suitable wind directions are: south, south-east, south-west.
GPS coordinates: N 45 57.81, E 13 43.41

Stol

Being set in the high Julian Alps peaks, Stol is a paradise for a paragliding pilot. Its over 20km long panoramic ridge tops provide extraordinary opportunities for long cross country flights and large scale competitions.

Ideal flying conditions are with a very weak general north or north-east wind for cross-country flying and a weak south-west wind for local moderate flying. Stol is the highest take off in Soca Valley. It is often found as the only take off above the inversion layer ideal for thermal flying.

This take off is a meadow in the middle of a vast, grassy mountain slope at he AMSL altitude of 1405m.
GPS coordinates: N 46 16.36, E 13 28.39

All these three sites are hugely popular among the pilots from all over the Europe. Slovenia offers you unlimited paragliding possibilities for whatever you may be looking for from perfect holiday to the long cross country flights. Lots of paragliding schools head to Slovenia to enjoy their paragliding courses. In addition, top Czech manufacturer tests their famous glides there Axis paragliders.

Are you considering becoming a pilot yourself? Slovenia could be the right place for you. Check this offer! You will start your paragliding course by learning all necessary skills on the small hill. After 5 days of training you will move to Lijak, where you finish your course off by passing the final exam and flying in the Alps. In just eight days of intensive course, you may receive your pilot license that allows you to fly in most countries around the world.

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Photo licensed under the Creative Commons, created by Richard Dedeyan

The full name of this mountain is Kamnik–Savinja Alps. Their northern part – Kamnik Alps – is derived from the name of the town Kamnik. While the southern part is situated in the basin of the river Savinja and therefore is called Savinja Alps.

Mountains can be divided into several areas. The highest and largest of these is the central ridge. Here you will find the most popular tourist mountain peaks such as Jezerska Kočna (2540 m), Grintavec (2558 m) and Skuta (2532 m). The best starting points are the village Jezersko and Logar Valley (Logarska dolina). On the west lies a part called Storžič. Other groups are: Mrzla gora, Krvavec-Kalški greben, Velika planina. The minor parts then include Raduha, Rogatec and Menina planina.

Kamnik–Savinja Alps offer a dense network of marked trails. You can also use secured routes, some of which are among the toughest in the country. Accommodation possibilities are also on a very high level – especially chalets are available at all important places and major resting points.

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The history of the city and its monuments
The first mention of the town Bovec dates back to the 11th century. Perhaps the most valuable historical monument in the town of Bovec is the Church of St. Leonard from 15th century, which has recently been renovated. Other sights of the city were extensively damaged during the World War I. As the memory of this period there is a museum dedicated to objects of the World War I, situated right in the city centre.

Sports activities and excursions into the beautiful natural attractions
Bovec is mainly a winter resort but also an important starting point for many hiking trails leading trough the Julian Alps. A ski resort is situated on the slopes of Kanin mountain (2587). Even in summer the local lift is in operation. You shouldn’t miss a tour to the nearby waterfall Boka, which is – with its height of 1000 meters – one of the highest waterfalls in Slovenia. It is located 5.5 km from the town of Bovec. In summer you can additionally try here such as canoeing, rafting on the emerald-green Soča River, skydiving, horseback riding, playing tennis and fishing, or even hang-gliding from the Bovec airport.

Tourist information
There are many accommodation facilities in the town of Bovec. In addition to guest houses and hotels there is also a campsite available. You can use the post office, pharmacy, wellness center and ski services as well.

To Bovec you can get using air transport. The nearest international airport is located in Ljubljana. Another option is by bus or car. Train connections are not possible here.

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Healing water – Black thermal water
The total water surface covers an area of 5000 m2. Thermal pools are filled with the black thermal water, which is great for treating rheumatism, skin diseases, respiratory problems and post-operative conditions. Do not forget to take off the silver jewellery before entering the pool, otherwise it turns black within a few minutes.

Multiple water attractions
Thermal Spa Terme 3000 have also plenty of water features such as slides with audio and visual effects, geysers, water slides, waterfalls, massage jets, sauna world and a special children’s Riviera. You can also try massages and wraps with a medicinal mud. Thermal Spa Terme 3000 offers you a shop with cosmetics, which main ingredient is already mentioned black thermal water.

Unique Accomodation
Once you decide to visit Terme 3000, you could also think about staying here in a unique five-star Hotel Livada Prestige, which is probably the only hotel in the world where you can find thermal water in almost every room. There are also a tourist village with chalets, camping, or several other hotels.

The water park is open every day from 09:00 – 21:00 (during the summer season from 08:00) and the basic admission is €13,50.

For further details visit the official site of Terme 3000.

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Basic information
Maribor is an important transport hub, especially for those travelling from Central Europe to Croatia or from Eastern Europe to Italy. But this city deserve more, not just passing through. There are galleries, museums and also the university, which was founded in 1961. But the main attraction is the four hundred years old, still nascent, grape-vine in Lent – the oldest part of the city. Through the city flows the river Drava, where you can try a traditional raft ride.

History of Maribor
Maribor originated from the village below the Markburg castle. It was first mentioned in 1208, the name Maribor is used only since the late 19th century. There is also a large railway junction (the oldest railway crossing Slovenia) and the highway to Zagreb, Ljubljana and Graz. Until the World War I, there was a large minority of Germans living in Maribor. But they had to leave after the first, and then also after the Second World War, so now the city is purely Slovenian.

Old Vine (Stara trta)
The old grape-vine on the banks of Lent was discovered during the renovation of the port. It was found that this forgotten grape is perhaps the oldest in Europe (three hundred to four hundred years old). Ceremonial harvest of these precious berries of wine is at the end of October. However the wine of this origin can hardly be bought. You could get it only as a present and only if you are really very important visitor to the city of Maribor.

Maribor’s Squares
Core central area of ​​Maribor includes the Main Square (Glavni Trg) and Slomškov Square (Slomškov Trg). On the Main Square you can see the Plague Column made by the sculptor Joseph Straub, which commemorate the tragedy of 17th century, when a third of Maribor’s residents died of black death. On the same square you can admire the old Renaissance Town Hall (Rotovž), through you can walk to Town Hall Square (Rotovški Trg). On the Slomškov Square you can see the monumental church and great facade of the classicist theater.

Lent International Summer Festival
Bank of river Drava, formerly a major port or residence of rafters and small craftsmen, is now a promenade with many cafes and restaurants. It is suitable for pleasant walks. Lent is also a place of the annual international music, theater and entertainment festival. It is held for approximately two weeks at the end of June.

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